{"id":792,"date":"2026-06-15T09:00:39","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T02:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/?p=792"},"modified":"2026-06-11T14:44:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T07:44:08","slug":"hybrid-life-cycle-assessment-hybrid-lca-pendekatan-kunci-untuk-mendukung-transisi-berkelanjutan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/2026\/06\/15\/hybrid-life-cycle-assessment-hybrid-lca-pendekatan-kunci-untuk-mendukung-transisi-berkelanjutan\/","title":{"rendered":"Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (Hybrid LCA): Pendekatan Kunci untuk Mendukung Transisi Berkelanjutan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-793 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-02-20-103757-300x201.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"428\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-02-20-103757-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-02-20-103757-480x322.png 480w, https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-02-20-103757.png 641w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Upaya\u00a0mencapai\u00a0pembangunan\u00a0berkelanjutan\u00a0dan target\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">net-zero emission<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> mendorong perlunya metode evaluasi lingkungan yang mampu menangkap dampak secara menyeluruh di sepanjang rantai pasok.\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Life Cycle Assessment<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (LCA) telah lama digunakan sebagai alat utama untuk menilai dampak lingkungan produk, teknologi, dan sistem. Namun, pendekatan LCA konvensional sering menghadapi keterbatasan data dan batas sistem.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sebagai solusi, Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (Hybrid LCA atau HLCA) berkembang sebagai pendekatan terintegrasi yang menggabungkan <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">process based LCA<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(PLCA) dan\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">input\u2013output LCA<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(IO-LCA).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Apa Itu Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (Hybrid LCA)?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hybrid LCA\u00a0adalah\u00a0metode\u00a0evaluasi\u00a0lingkungan\u00a0yang\u00a0mengombinasikan:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"16\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Process-based LCA (PLCA) \u2192 unggul dalam presisi data berbasis proses spesifik,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"16\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Input\u2013Output LCA (IO-LCA) \u2192 unggul dalam cakupan sistem yang luas hingga seluruh perekonomian.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dengan mengintegrasikan kedua pendekatan ini, Hybrid LCA mampu mengurangi <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">truncation error<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (kesalahan akibat batas sistem sempit) yang umum terjadi pada PLCA, sekaligus mengurangi\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">aggregation error<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> pada IO LCA.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pendekatan ini sangat relevan untuk menilai teknologi baru, sistem energi terbarukan, bangunan, dan produk kompleks dengan rantai pasok global.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mengapa\u00a0Hybrid LCA\u00a0Penting\u00a0untuk\u00a0Transisi\u00a0Berkelanjutan?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Transisi menuju ekonomi rendah karbon membutuhkan keputusan berbasis data yang kuat. Hybrid LCA berperan penting karena mampu:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mengungkap\u00a0emisi\u00a0tersembunyi\u00a0(<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">embodied carbon<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) di\u00a0rantai\u00a0pasok<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Menilai\u00a0konsumsi\u00a0energi\u00a0terakumulasi\u00a0(<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">embodied energy<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Memberikan\u00a0perbandingan\u00a0yang\u00a0lebih\u00a0adil\u00a0antar\u00a0teknologi<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mendukung kebijakan iklim, pelaporan emisi Scope 3, dan regulasi keberlanjutan<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Studi tinjauan terbaru menunjukkan bahwa Hybrid LCA paling banyak diterapkan pada sektor energi dan lingkungan binaan, dua sektor kunci dalam agenda dekarbonisasi global.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Prinsip\u00a0Dasar\u00a0Hybridisasi\u00a0dalam\u00a0LCA<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Perbedaan\u00a0PLCA dan IO-LCA:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"18\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PLCA: akurat dan detail, tetapi rentan kehilangan input tidak langsung (jasa, modal, R&amp;D).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"18\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">IO-LCA: komprehensif secara ekonomi makro, tetapi kurang spesifik untuk produk atau teknologi tertentu.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hybrid LCA menggabungkan keduanya dengan memanfaatkan tabel input-output ekonomi untuk melengkapi data proses yang hilang dalam PLCA.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Jenis Input yang Ditangani oleh Hybrid LCA\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hybridisasi\u00a0digunakan\u00a0untuk\u00a0memperkirakan:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Times New Roman\" data-listid=\"19\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[65533,0],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%1.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cut-off<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0tipe\u00a01 (jumlah\u00a0diketahui, data\u00a0proses\u00a0tidak\u00a0tersedia)<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Times New Roman\" data-listid=\"19\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[65533,0],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%1.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cut-off<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0tipe\u00a02 (jumlah\u00a0dan proses\u00a0tidak\u00a0diketahui)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Times New Roman\" data-listid=\"19\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[65533,0],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;%1.&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Input\u00a0tidak\u00a0teridentifikasi\u00a0(misalnya\u00a0jasa\u00a0dan\u00a0layanan\u00a0pendukung)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Klasifikasi\u00a0Metode Hybrid LCA<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Berdasarkan struktur komputasinya, Hybrid LCA dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua kelompok utama:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Data Hybridization<br \/>\n<\/span>Metode ini menggabungkan data PLCA dan IO-LCA tanpa menyatukan struktur matematisnya secara penuh. Metode\u00a0ini\u00a0relatif\u00a0mudah\u00a0diterapkan,\u00a0tetapi\u00a0berisiko\u00a0<i style=\"font-family: inherit\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">double counting<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-family: inherit\" data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0jika\u00a0tidak\u00a0dirancang\u00a0dengan\u00a0hati-hati.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span>Contohnya:<span style=\"font-family: inherit\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tiered Hybrid LCA (klasik)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Matrix Augmentation (MA)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Path Exchange Method (PXC)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Computational Hybridization<br \/>\n<\/span>Metode\u00a0ini\u00a0mengintegrasikan\u00a0struktur\u00a0matematika\u00a0PLCA dan IO-LCA\u00a0secara\u00a0konsisten. <span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pendekatan\u00a0ini\u00a0lebih\u00a0transparan\u00a0dan robust,\u00a0sehingga\u00a0lebih\u00a0sesuai\u00a0untuk\u00a0analisis\u00a0kebijakan\u00a0dan\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">benchmarking<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0produk.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span>Contohnya:<span style=\"font-family: inherit\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"21\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Integrated Hybrid LCA (IHL)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"21\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Systematic Tiered Hybrid LCA<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Aplikasi\u00a0Utama Hybrid LCA<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sistem Energi Terbarukan<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\"><br \/>\n<\/span>Hybrid LCA banyak digunakan untuk menilai emisi dan energi tersembunyi pada:<span style=\"font-family: inherit\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pembangkit\u00a0listrik\u00a0tenaga\u00a0surya<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pembangkit\u00a0angin\u00a0(onshore dan offshore)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bioenergi\u00a0dan\u00a0biorefineri<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hasil\u00a0studi\u00a0menunjukkan\u00a0bahwa\u00a0emisi\u00a0tidak\u00a0langsung\u00a0pada\u00a0energi\u00a0terbarukan\u00a0seringkali\u00a0jauh\u00a0lebih\u00a0besar\u00a0dibandingkan\u00a0estimasi\u00a0PLCA\u00a0konvensional.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lingkungan Binaan dan Konstruksi<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\"><br \/>\n<\/span>Pada\u00a0bangunan\u00a0dan material\u00a0konstruksi, Hybrid LCA\u00a0membantu:<span style=\"font-family: inherit\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"23\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mengukur\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">embodied energy<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0dan\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">embodied carbon<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"23\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mengungkap\u00a0peran\u00a0jasa,\u00a0transportasi, dan modal<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"23\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mendukung\u00a0pemilihan\u00a0material\u00a0rendah\u00a0karbon<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hybrid LCA terbukti meningkatkan akurasi perhitungan dampak lingkungan dibandingkan PLCA atau IO-LCA saja.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tantangan\u00a0dan\u00a0Keterbatasan\u00a0Hybrid LCA<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Meskipun\u00a0unggul, Hybrid LCA\u00a0masih\u00a0menghadapi\u00a0sejumlah\u00a0tantangan:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"24\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ketergantungan\u00a0pada data\u00a0harga\u00a0yang\u00a0fluktuatif<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"24\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Risiko\u00a0double-counting<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"24\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Asumsi\u00a0linearitas\u00a0yang\u00a0tidak\u00a0sepenuhnya\u00a0mencerminkan\u00a0ekonomi\u00a0nyata<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"24\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Keterbatasan\u00a0data\u00a0lingkungan\u00a0pada\u00a0tabel\u00a0input\u2013output<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Penelitian\u00a0terbaru\u00a0mengembangkan\u00a0solusi\u00a0seperti\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">mixed-unit hybrid LCA<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, regionalisasi data, dan otomasi hybridisasi untuk meningkatkan keandalan metode.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Prospek\u00a0Masa\u00a0Depan\u00a0Hybrid LCA<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ke\u00a0depan, Hybrid LCA\u00a0diproyeksikan\u00a0berperan\u00a0penting\u00a0dalam:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"25\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pelaporan\u00a0keberlanjutan\u00a0perusahaan\u00a0(CSRD, Scope 3)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"25\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Kebijakan\u00a0iklim\u00a0dan\u00a0perdagangan\u00a0karbon\u00a0(CBAM)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"25\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Optimasi\u00a0sistem\u00a0energi\u00a0dan\u00a0desain\u00a0teknologi<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"25\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pengembangan\u00a0basis data\u00a0lingkungan\u00a0terstandar<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Integrasi Hybrid LCA dengan optimasi multi-objektif dan model ekonomi lanjutan membuka peluang besar untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan berkelanjutan berbasis sains.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment merupakan pendekatan kunci dalam menilai dampak lingkungan secara komprehensif di era transisi berkelanjutan. Dengan menggabungkan keunggulan PLCA dan IO-LCA, metode ini mampu memberikan gambaran yang lebih lengkap dan adil terhadap dampak lingkungan produk dan teknologi. Untuk mendukung kebijakan dan inovasi hijau, penerapan Hybrid LCA yang transparan dan terstandar menjadi semakin penting.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:709,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Daftar\u00a0Referensi<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hagenaars, R. H.,\u00a0Heijungs, R., Tukker, A., &amp; Wang, R. (2025). Hybrid LCA for sustainable transitions: principles, applications, and prospects.\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">212<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 115443.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Stephan, A., Crawford, R. H., &amp;\u00a0Bontinck, P. A. (2019). A model for streamlining and automating path\u00a0exchange\u00a0hybrid life cycle assessment.\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">24<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(2), 237-252.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Heijungs, R. (2024).\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Probability, Statistics and Life Cycle Assessment: Guidance for Dealing with Uncertainty and Sensitivity<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Springer Nature.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:284,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.freepik.com\/free-photo\/front-view-man-with-wooden-blocks_38687397.htm#fromView=search&#038;page=1&#038;position=0&#038;uuid=cf88c876-8554-40c0-b6c2-b6107034efe3&#038;query=LCA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Upaya\u00a0mencapai\u00a0pembangunan\u00a0berkelanjutan\u00a0dan target\u00a0net-zero emission mendorong perlunya metode evaluasi lingkungan yang mampu menangkap dampak secara menyeluruh di sepanjang rantai pasok.\u00a0Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) telah lama digunakan sebagai alat utama untuk menilai dampak lingkungan produk, teknologi, dan sistem. Namun, pendekatan LCA konvensional sering menghadapi keterbatasan data dan batas sistem.\u00a0 Sebagai solusi, Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (Hybrid LCA atau [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":705,"featured_media":793,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/705"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=792"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":794,"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/792\/revisions\/794"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/online.binus.ac.id\/industrial-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}